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STUDIES

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You will find here a sample of the existing scientific literature about Flame Retardants’ Environmental, Health and Fire Toxicity effects. Please note that the following sample does not constitute an exhaustive list.

  • Sources, behaviors, transformations, and environmental risks of organophosphate esters in the coastal environment: A review. Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 - Chen Z, An C, Elektorowicz M, Tian X.

  • Associations between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and physical growth in a seven year cohort study. Chemosphere. 2022- Hu Y, Lu Q, Huang C, Gao Y, Tian Y, Fan L, Liu S.

  • Individual and Combined Effects of Paternal Deprivation and Developmental Exposure to Firemaster 550 on Socio-Emotional Behavior in Prairie Voles. Toxics. 2022 - Gillera SEA, Marinello WP, Nelson MA, Horman BM, Patisaul HB.

  • Transcriptomic profiling and differential analysis revealed the neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae in response to tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 - Okeke ES, Luo M, Feng W, Zhang Y, Mao G, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Qian X, Sun L, Yang L, Wu X.

  • Association of Flame-Retardant Clothing With Mycosis Fungoides: A Retrospective Analysis. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022 - Park KE, Ramachandran V, Tran J, Joshi TP, Garg N, Duvic M.

  • The respiratory cytotoxicity of typical organophosphorus flame retardants on five different respiratory tract cells: Which are the most sensitive one? Environ Pollut. 2022 - Chen J, Li G, Yu H, Liu H, An T.

  • Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) promotes hepatocyte toxicity via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of autophagy flux. Sci Total Environ. 2022 - Li M, Liu G, Yuan LX, Yang J, Liu J, Li Z, Yang C, Wang J.

  • Exposure to tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate induces abnormal sperm morphology and testicular histopathology in male rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 - Pan HY, Cheng FJ, Huang KC, Kung CT, Huang WT, You HL, Li SH, Wang CC, Lee WC, Hsu PC.

  • Penetration of Organophosphate Triesters and Diesters across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier: Efficiencies, Impact Factors, and Mechanism. Environ Sci Technol. 2022 - Hou M, Zhang B, Fu S, Cai Y, Shi Y.

  • Riverine transport dynamics of PBDEs and OPFRs within a typical e-waste recycling zone: Implications for sink-source interconversion. Water Res. 2022 - Wang T, He ZX, Yang J, Wu L, Qiu XW, Bao LJ, Zeng EY.

  • Development of a Flame Retardant and an Organohalogen Flame Retardant Chemical Inventory. Sci Data. 2022 - Bevington C, Williams AJ, Guider C, Baker NC, Meyer B, Babich MA, Robinson S, Jones A, Phillips KA.

  • Hormetic dose responses induced by organic flame retardants in aquatic animals: Occurrence and quantification. Sci Total Environ. 2022 - Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H.

  • A single-cell survey unveils cellular heterogeneity and sensitive responses in mouse cortices induced by oral exposure to triphenyl phosphate. Arch Toxicol. 2022 - Ji D, Yu Y, Zhu Q, Li X, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Ke W, Niu C, Wang C, Wu J, Chen D, Song M, Wei Y.

  • Biomarker Responses, Gene Expression Alterations, and Histological Changes in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) After In Vivo Exposure to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers. Front Physiol. 2022 - Ye C, Xiong W, Shi S, Shi J, Yang W, Zhang X.

  • Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants Causes Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage in Human Thyroid Cells In Vitro. J Surg Res. 2022 - Ullmann TM, Liang H, Mora H, Greenberg J, Gray KD, Limberg J, Stefanova D, Zhu X, Finnerty B, Beninato T, Zarnegar R, Min I, Fahey TJ 3rd.

  • Organophosphate flame retardant TDCPP: A risk factor for renal cancer? Chemosphere. 2022 - Zhou X, Zhou X, Yao L, Zhang X, Cong R, Luan J, Zhang T, Song N.

  • Global PBDE contamination in cetaceans. A critical review. Environ Pollut. 2022 - Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, García-Álvarez N, Fernández A, Jiménez B.

  • Spatial distribution and risk assessment of 11 organophosphate flame retardants in soils from different regions of agricultural farmlands in mainland China. Sci Total Environ. 2022 - Han B, Chen L, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang J, Tao S, Liu W.

  • Current pollution status, spatial features, and health risks of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in agricultural soils across China. Sci Total Environ. 2022 - An Q, Aamir M, Mao S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zheng P, Liu W.

  • Bioaccumulation and potential risk of organophosphate flame retardants in coral reef fish from the Nansha Islands, South China Sea. Chemosphere. 2022 - Wang W, Qing X, Wang J, He T, Fan R, Huang Y.

  • Recycling plastics containing decabromodiphenyl ether into new consumer products including children's toys purchased in Japan and seventeen other countries. Chemosphere. 2021 - Kajiwara N, Matsukami H, Malarvannan G, Chakraborty P, Covaci A, Takigami H.

  • Seasonal variation, source identification, and risk assessment of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in surficial sediments from Liao River estuary wetland, China. Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 - Luo Q, Wu Z, Wang C, Gu L, Li Y, Wang H.

  • Occurrence of novel organophosphate esters derived from organophosphite antioxidants in an e-waste dismantling area: Associations between hand wipes and dust. Environ Int. 2021 – Zhang Q, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang C, Cheng Z, Zhao L, Li X, Sun Z, Zhang J, Yao Y, Wang L, Li W, Sun H.

  • Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate induces zebrafish obesity by altering the brain-gut axis and intestinal microbial composition. Environ Pollut. 2021 - Zhou Y, Guo W, Lei L, Sun Y, Li R, Guo Y, Yang L, Shi X, Han J, Zhou B.

  • Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers. Environmental Health Perspectives 2021 - Heather B. Patisaul, Mamta Behl, Linda S. Birnbaum, Arlene Blum, Miriam L. Diamond, Seth Rojello Fernández, Helena T. Hogberg, Carol F. Kwiatkowski, Jamie D. Page, Anna Soehl, and Heather M. Stapleton

  • Thyroid disruption and oxidative stress in American kestrels following embryonic exposure to the alternative flame retardants, EHTBB and TBPH. Environ Int. 2021 –Goodchild C, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Letcher RJ, Schultz SL, Maddox CM, Bean TG, Peters LE, Palace V, Fernie KJ.

  • Life Cycle Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Diphenyl Phosphate (DPhP) Inhibits Growth and Energy Metabolism of Zebrafish in a Sex-Specific Manner. Environ Sci Technol. 2021 - Chen Q, Lian X, An J, Geng N, Zhang H, Challis JK, Luo Y, Liu Y, Su G, Xie Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Shen Y, Giesy JP, Gong Y.

  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE-47 and BDE-99 modulate murine melanoma cell phenotype in vitro. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 - Steil GJ, Buzzo JLA, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipak Neto F.

  • The Effects of Dietary Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure and Rearing Temperature on Tadpole Growth, Development, and Their Underlying Processes. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 – Yahn JM, Karasov WH.

  • Accelerated oxidation of the emerging brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol S by unactivated peroxymonosulfate: The role of bromine catalysis and formation of disinfection byproducts. Water Res. 2021 – Xu H, Meng L, Zhao X, Chen J, Lu J, Chovelon JM, Ji Y.

  • The associations between organophosphate esters and urinary incontinence in the general US population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 - He M, Jin K, Qiu S, Liao X, Zheng X, Chen Z, Ai J, Yang L, Jiang Z, Hu D, Wei Q.

  • Lactational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure induces epigenetic alterations in the Leydig cells of progeny rats. Andrologia. 2021 - Thangavelu SK, Mohan M, Ramachandran I, Jagadeesan A.

  • Organophosphate Esters in Indoor Environment and Metabolites in Human Urine Collected from a Shanghai University. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 - Wang Y, Yang M, Wang F, Chen X, Wu M, Ma J.

  • An In Vitro Comparative Study of the Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol S on Human Erythrocyte Membranes-Changes in ATP Level, Perturbations in Membrane Fluidity, Alterations in Conformational State and Damage to Proteins. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 - Jarosiewicz M, Duchnowicz P, Jarosiewicz P, Huras B, Bukowska B.

  • Associations between the exposure to organophosphate flame retardants during early pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion based on metabolomics combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Transl Med. 2021 - Li L, Lv L, Zhang G, Zhang H.

  • Decabromodiphenyl ether causes insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice. World J Diabetes. 2021 - Alimu A, Abudureman H, Wang YZ, Li MY, Wang JS, Liu ZL.

  • Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 increases the risk of post-partum depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 – Peltier MR, Fassett MJ, Arita Y, Chiu VY, Takhar HS, Getahun D.

  • Tetrabromobisphenol A induced reproductive endocrine-disrupting effects in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Hazard Mater. 2021 – Wang S, Ji C, Li F, Zhan J, Sun T, Tang J, Wu H.

  • Ionic copper strengthens the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to denitrification by decreasing substrate transport and electron transfer. J Hazard Mater. 2021 – Wan R, Li X, Wang L, Yang G, Zheng X, Zha Y, Chen Y, Meng J.

  • Assessment of Exposure of Korean Firefighters to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Their Measurement in Serum and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Urine. Environ Sci Technol. 2021 – Ekpe OD, Sim W, Choi S, Choo G, Oh JE.

  • Risk Characterization and Benefit-Risk Assessment of Brominated Flame Retardant in Commercially Exploited Freshwater Fishes and Crayfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 – Roila R, Branciari R, Ranucci D, Stramenga A, Tavoloni T, Stecconi T, Franceschini R, Piersanti A.

  • Review of the success and challenges in characterizing human dermal exposure to flame retardants. Arch Toxicol. 2021 – Silva EZM, Dorta DJ, de Oliveira DP, Leme DM. A.

  • Occurrence, bioaccumulation, fate, and risk assessment of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in aquatic environments – A critical review – Water Res. 2021 – Rui Hou, Lang Lin, Hengxiang Li, Shan Liu, Xiangrong Xu, Yiping Xu, Xiaowei Jin, Yong Yuan, Zijian Wang.

  • Uptake and translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the rhizosphere soil-crop-atmosphere system in e-waste dismantling areas in Taizhou, China – Chemosphere 2021 – Wenming Chen, Chen Liu, Baokai Wei, Junsong Bao, Ying Wang, Jicheng Hu, Jun Jin, Fangang Zeng.

  • Polyethylene mesh knitted fabrics mulching the soil to mitigate China’s haze: A potential source of PBDEs – Chemosphere 2021 – Ying Wang, Jin Tan, Rong Li, Zi-Tao Jiang, Shu-Hua Tang, Liang Wang, Ruo-Chen Liu.

  • Ecotoxico Linking of Phthalates and Flame-Retardant Combustion Byproducts with Coral Solar Bleaching – Environ Sci

  • Technol. 2021 – Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi, Sakineh Mashjoor, Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari, Tiziana Cappello

  • Establishment of a Target, Suspect, and Functional Group-Dependent Screening Strategy for Organophosphate Esters (OPEs): “Into the Unknown” of OPEs in the Sediment of Taihu Lake, China – Environ Sci Technol. 2021 – Langjie Ye, Weikun Meng, Jianan Huang, Jianhua Li, Guanyong Su.

  • Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in the seawater and sediments of the Qinzhou Bay, Northern Beibu Gulf: Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks – Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 – Li Zhang, Lu Lu, Wenjuan Zhu, Bin Yang, Dongliang Lu, Solomon Felix Dan, Shaofeng Zhang.

  • Spatio-temporal variations and input patterns on the legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in coastal rivers of North China – Environ Pollut. 2021 – Lin Liu, Xiaomei Zhen, Xinming Wang, Daochang Zhang, Linting Sun, Jianhui Tang.

  • Accumulation and influencing factors of novel brominated -flame retardants in soil and vegetation from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica – Sci Total Environ 2020 – Siyuan Xiong, Yanfen Hao, Yingming Li, Ruiqiang Yang, Zhiguo Pei, Qinghua Zhang, Guibin Jiang.

  • Assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in Mediterranean Boops boops and their relationship to anthropization levels and microplastic ingestion – Chemosphere 2020 – Garcia-Garin O., Vighi M., Sala B., Aguilar A., Tsangaris C., Digka N., Kaberi H., Eljarrat E., Borrell A.

  • Adélie penguin colonies as indicators of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in East Antarctica – Chemosphere 2020 – Lewis PJ, McGrath TJ, Emmerson L, Allinson G, Shimeta J.

  • Glacial Melt Inputs of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants to the Largest High Arctic Lake – Environ Sci Technol. 2020 – Sun Y, De Silva AO, St Pierre KA, Muir DCG, Spencer C, Lehnherr I, MacInnis JJ.

  • Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans and environmental compartments: a comprehensive review of the last five years of research – Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 – Klinčić D, Dvoršćak M, Jagić K, Mendaš G, Herceg Romanić S.

  • Landfills represent significant atmospheric sources of exposure to halogenated flame retardants for urban-adapted gulls – Environ Int. 2020 – Sorais M, Mazerolle MJ, Giroux JF, Verreault J.

  • Assessment of the effects of early life exposure to triphenyl phosphate on fear, boldness, aggression, and activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks – Environ Pollut. 2019 – Hanas AK, Guigueno MF, Fernie KJ, Letcher RJ, Ste-Marie Chamberland F, Head JA.

  • Sex-specific effects of perinatal FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure on socioemotional behavior in prairie voles – Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2019 – Sagi Enicole A.Gillera, William P. Marinello, Brian M.Horman, Allison L.Phillips, Matthew T. Ruis, Heather M. Stapleton, David M. Reif, Heather B. Patisaul.

  • Urban Stormwater: An Overlooked Pathway of Extensive Mixed Contaminants to Surface and Groundwaters in the United States – Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019 – Jason R. Masoner, Dana W. Kolpin, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, Larry B. Barber, David S. Burden, William T. Foreman, Kenneth J. Forshay, Edward T. Furlong, Justin F. Groves, Michelle L. Hladik, Matthew E. Hopton, Jeanne B. Jaeschke, Steffanie H. Keefe, David P. Krabbenhoft, Richard Lowrance, Kristin M. Romanok, David L. Rus, William R. Selbig, Brianna H. Williams, Paul M. Bradley.

  • Risks of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) for Sustainable Water Recycling via Aquifers – Water 2019 – Declan Page, Joanne Vanderzalm, Anupama Kumar, Ka Yu Cheng, Anna H. Kaksonen, Stuart Simpson.

  • Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism – Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019 – Carolyn M. Poutasse, Julie B. Herbstman, Mark E. Peterson, Jana Gordon, Peter H. Soboroff, Darrell Holmes, Dezere Gonzalez, Lane G. Tidwell, Kim A. Anderson.

  • Polyurethane heat preservation materials: The significant sources of organophosphorus flame retardants – Chemosphere 2019 – Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Tan F, Li Q, Zhao H, Xie Q, Chen J.

  • Effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on sex-dependent alterations of thyroid hormones in adult zebrafish – Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 – Liu X, Cai Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Ji K, Choi K.

  • First determination of high levels of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in dolphins from Southern European waters – Environ Res. 2019 – Sala B, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Barceló D, Eljarrat E.

  • Legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in the freshwater ecosystem: A review – Environmental Research 2017 – Mehreen Iqbal, Jabir Hussain Syed, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Riffat Naseem Malik, Abida Farooqi, Ayesha Butt,  Jun Li, Gan Zhang, Alessandra Cincinelli, Kevin C. Jones.

  • Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices. Marine pollution bulletin 2013 – Alvarez, D. A., Maruya, K. A., Dodder, N. G., Lao, W., Furlong, E. T., & Smalling, K. L.

  • Occurrence of hydrophobic organic pollutants (BFRs and UV-filters) in sediments from South America. Chemosphere 2013 – Barón, E., Gago-Ferrero, P., Gorga, M., Rudolph, I., Mendoza, G., Zapata, A. M., Díaz-Cruz, S., et al.

  • In vitro biotransformation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Dechlorane Plus flame retardants: a case study of ring-billed gull breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Environment international 2013 – Chabot-Giguère, B., Letcher, R. J., & Verreault, J.

  • High prevalence of infections and pathological changes in burbot (Lota lota) from a polluted lake (Lake Mjøsa, Norway). Chemosphere 2013 – Berg, V., Zerihun, M. A., Jørgensen, A., Lie, E., Dale, O. B., Skaare, J. U., & Lyche, J. L.

  • Study of the toxic effects of flame retardant PBDE-47 on the clam Chamelea gallina (Linnaeus, 1758). Veterinaria italiana 2013 – Angioni, S. A., Scortichini, G., Diletti, G., Perletta, F., Ceci, R., & Ferri, N. (n.d.).

  • Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers across life stages in the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens). Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2013 – Cary, T. L., & Karasov, W. H.

  • PBDE flame retardants and PCBs in migrating Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada – Chemosphere 2012 – Alava, J. J., Lambourn, D., Olesiuk, P., Lance, M., Jeffries, S. J., Gobas, F. A. P. C., & Ross, P. S.

  • Natural and anthropogenically-produced brominated compounds in endemic dolphins from Western South Atlantic: another risk to a vulnerable species. Environmental pollution 2012 – Alonso, M. B., Eljarrat, E., Gorga, M., Secchi, E. R., Bassoi, M., Barbosa, L., Bertozzi, C. P., et al.

  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor and outdoor environments–a review on occurrence and human exposure. Environmental pollution 2012 – Besis, A., & Samara, C.

  • Levels and distributions of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in sediment from Taihu Lake, China. Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2012 – Cao, S., Zeng, X., Song, H., Li, H., Yu, Z., Sheng, G., & Fu, J.

  • Disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish embryo-larvae following waterborne exposure to BDE-47, TBBPA and BPA. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 108, 106–11. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.013 2012 – Chan, W. K., & Chan, K. M.

  • Pollutant dehalogenation capability may depend on the trophic evolutionary history of the organism: PBDEs in freshwater food webs. PLoS One 2012 – Bartrons, M., Grimalt, J. O., De Mendoza, G., & Catalan, J.

  • Are reductions in industrial organic contaminants emissions in rich countries achieved partly by export of toxic wastes? Environmental science & technology 2011 – Breivik, K., Gioia, R., Chakraborty, P., Zhang, G., & Jones, K. C.

  • Bioaccumulation of dioxin-like substances and selected brominated flame retardant congeners in the fat and livers of black pigs farmed within the Nebrodi Regional Park of Sicily. Journal of food protection, doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-176 2011 – Brambilla, G., De Filippis, S. P., Iamiceli, A. L., Iacovella, N., Abate, V., Aronica, V., Di Marco, V., et al.

  • Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow. Water science and technology  2011- Björklund, K., Strömvall, A.-M., & Malmqvist, P.-A.

  • Environmental pollutants in the Swedish marine ecosystem, with special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Chemosphere, 82(9), 1286–92. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.029 2011 – Carlsson, P., Herzke, D., Wedborg, M., & Gabrielsen, G. W.

  • Health effects of persistent organic pollutants: the challenge for the Pacific Basin and for the world. Reviews on environmental health 2011 – Carpenter, D. O.

  • Disease susceptibility of salmon exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Aquatic toxicology 2010 – Arkoosh, M. R., Boylen, D., Dietrich, J., Anulacion, B. F., Ginaylitalo, Bravo, C. F., Johnson, L. L., et al.

  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, toxaphenes, and other halogenated organic pollutants in great blue heron eggs. Environmental toxicology and chemistry doi:10.1002/etc.37 2010 – Champoux, L., Moisey, J., & Muir, D. C. G.

  • Determination of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in fish collected from three regions of Japan. Molecular nutrition & food research 2008 – Ashizuka, Y., Nakagawa, R., Hori, T., Yasutake, D., Tobiishi, K., & Sasaki, K.

  • Screening chemicals for the potential to be persistent organic pollutants: a case study of Arctic contaminants. Environmental science & technology 2008 – Brown, T. N., & Wania, F.

  • Investigations of the potential influence of environmental contaminants on the thymus and spleen of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Environmental science & technology 2005 – Beineke, A., Siebert, U., McLachlan, M., Bruhn, R., Thron, K., Failing, K., Müller, G., et al.

  • Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern? Environmental health perspectives2004 – Birnbaum, L. S., & Staskal, D. F. 

  • An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release – Environment International 2003 – Alaee M.

  • Containment landfills: the myth of sustainability – Engineering Geology 2001 – Allen, A.

  • A global review of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant contamination in birds. Environment international, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.013 2010 – Chen, D., & Hale, R. C.

  • Species-specific accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in birds of prey from the Chesapeake Bay region, USA. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 158(5), 1883–9. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.042 2010 – Chen, D., Hale, R. C., Watts, B. D., La Guardia, M. J., Harvey, E., & Mojica, E. K.

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